2L: Second-line
5-FU: 5-Fluorouracil
AACR: American Association of Cancer Research
Ab: Antibody
ABC: Anti-PD-1 Brain Collaboration
AC: Atypical carcinoid
ACT: Adoptive T cell therapy
ADC: Antibody–drug conjugate
ADCC: Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
ADCP: Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis
AE: Adverse event
AFP: Alpha-foetoprotein
AIDS: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
AIRE: Autoimmune regulator
ALCL: Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
ALK: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase
ANCA: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
APC: Antigen-presenting cell
APECED: Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy
ASCO: American Society of Clinical Oncology
ASCT: Autologous stem cell transplantation
Atezo: Atezolizumab
B-ALL: B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
BCG: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin
BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer
bid: Twice daily
BITE: Bispecific T cell engager
BM: Brain metastasis
B-NHL: B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
BSC: Best supportive care
BV: Brentuximab vedotin
CAF: Cancer-associated fibroblast
CAR: Chimeric antigen receptor
ccRCC: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma
CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen
CFU: Colony forming unit
cHL: Classical Hodgkin lymphoma
ChT: Chemotherapy
CI: Confidence interval
CIN: Chromosomal instability
CLL: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
CNS: Central nervous system
CPD: Confirmed progressive disease
CPK: Creatine phosphokinase
CPS: Combined positivity score
CR: Complete response
CRC: Colorectal cancer
CRS: Cytokine-release syndrome
CRT: Chemoradiotherapy
CTLA-4: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4
CV: Coxsackievirus
DCR: Disease control rate
DFS: Disease-free survival
DLBCL: Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
DLL3: Delta-like 3
DLT: Dose-limiting toxicity
dMMR: Mismatch repair deficiency
Doc: Docetaxel
DOR: Duration of response
DTIC: Dacarbazine
Durva: Durvalumab
EBV: Epstein-Barr virus
EC: Endometrial cancer
ECM: Extracellular matrix
ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
EFS: Event-free survival
EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor
EMA: European Medicines Agency
EMT: Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
EOC: Epithelial ovarian cancer
EORTC: European Organization for Research and Treatment
of Cancer
ESMO: European Society for Medical Oncology
ETOP: European Thoracic Oncology Platform
EU: European Union
FcγR: γ receptor
FDA: Food and Drug Administration
FGFR: Fibroblast growth factor receptor
FL: Follicular lymphoma
FU: Follow-up
GC: Gastric cancer
GCB: Germinal centre B cell-like
GEJ: Gastroesophageal junction
GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase
GI: Gastrointestinal
GITR: Glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor
GM-CSF: Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor
GMP: Good Manufacturing Practice
GOG: Gynecologic Oncology Group
gp100: Glycoprotein 100
GPC3: Glypican 3
Gr: Grade
GS: Genomically stable
GU: Genitourinary
HAART: Highly active antiretroviral therapy
HBV: Hepatitis B virus
HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma
HDACi: Histone deacetylase inhibitor
HIF-1: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1
HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus
HL: Hodgkin lymphoma
HLA: Human leukocyte antigen
HNSCC: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
HPV: Human papillomavirus
HR: Hazard ratio
HRCT: High-resolution computed tomography
HRT: Hormone replacement treatment
i.m.: Intramuscular
i.v.: Intravenous
IC: Immune cell
ICB: Immune checkpoint blockade
ICI: Immune checkpoint inhibitor
ICOS: Inducible T cell co-stimulator
Id: Idiotype
IDO: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
IFG-1R: Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor
IFN: Interferon
IFNGR: IFN-γ receptor
IFN-α: Interferon-alpha
IFN-γ: Interferon-gamma
Ig: Immunoglobulin
IHC: Immunohistochemistry
IL: Interleukin
IL13Rα2: Interleukin-13 receptor α2
IL-7R: Interleukin-7 receptor
IO: Immuno-oncology
Ipi: Ipilimumab
IPRES: Innate anti-PD-1 resistance
irAE: Immune-related adverse event
iRECIST: Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumours in immunotherapy trials
IRF: Independent review facility
IRF1: Interferon regulatory factor 1
irRC: Immune-related response criteria
ITT: Intention to treat
JAK: Janus kinase
KIR: Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor
LA: Locally advanced
LAG-3: Lymphocyte-activation gene 3
LCNEC: Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase
LN: Lymph node
mAb: Monoclonal antibody
MAGE-A: Melanoma-associated antigen genes-A
MAGE-A3: Melanoma-associated antigen-A3
MALT: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
MCC: Merkel cell carcinoma
MCPyV: Merkel cell polyomavirus
MDSC: Myeloid-derived suppressor cell
MHC: Major histocompatibility complex
M1c: Visceral metastatic disease
MMR: Mismatch repair
mOS: Median overall survival
MPM: Malignant pleural mesothelioma
MPR: Major pathological response
MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging
mRNA: Messenger RNA
MSI: Microsatellite instability
MSI-H: Microsatellite instability-high
MSKCC: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
MSLN: Mesothelin
MTD: Maximum tolerated dose
mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin
MUC: Mucin
N/A: Not applicable
NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
NCCN: National Cancer Center Network
NCI: National Cancer Institute
NE: Not evaluated
NED: No evidence of disease
NGS: Next-generation sequencing
Nivo: Nivolumab
NK: Natural killer
NMIBC: Non-muscle invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma
NO: Nitric oxide
NR: Not reached
NSCLC: Non-small cell lung cancer
NSQ: Non-squamous
NY-ESO-1: New York-oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1
Obs: Observation
OPC: Oropharyngeal cancer
ORR: Objective response rate
OS: Overall survival
OSCC: Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
PAP: Prostatic acid phosphatase
PARP: Poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase
PBMC: Peripheral blood mononuclear cell
PCD: Programmed cell death
PCNSL: Primary central nervous system lymphoma
PD-1: Programmed cell death protein 1
PDGFR: Platelet-derived growth factor receptor
PD-L1: Programmed death-ligand 1
PE: Platinum/etoposide
Pembro: Pembrolizumab
PET: Positron emission tomography
PFS: Progression-free survival
PMBCL: Primary mediastinal large B cell lymphoma
PMED: Particle-mediated epidermal delivery
POLD: Polymerase D
POLE: Polymerase E
PR: Partial response
PRO: Patient-reported outcome
PS: Performance status
PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homologue
PTL: Primary testicular lymphoma
PTLD: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
pts: Patients
qd: Once daily
QOL: Quality of life
qXw: Every X weeks
R/R: Relapsed/refractory
R0: No tumour at the margin
RCC: Renal cell carcinoma
RECIST: Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumours
REP: Rapid expansion protocol
RFA: Radiofrequency ablation
RFS: Recurrence-free survival
RNAseq: RNA sequencing
RNS: Reactive nitrogen species
ROC: Receiver operating characteristic
Rova-T: Rovalpituzumab tesirine
RP2D: Recommended phase II dose
RR: Response rate
RS: Reed-Sternberg
RT: Radiotherapy
RTOG: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group
RT-PCR: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
s.c.: Subcutaneous
SBRT: Stereotactic body radiotherapy
SCCC: Squamous cell carcinoma of cervix
scFv: Single chain fragment of variable region
SCLC: Small cell lung cancer
SD: Stable disease
SLP: Synthetic long peptide
SoC: Standard-of-care
SOM: Sum of measurement
SQ: Squamous
STAT: Signal transducer and activator of transcription
TAA: Tumour-associated antigen
TACE: Transcatheter arterial chemo-embolisation
TAM: Tumour-associated macrophage
TAP: Transporter associated with antigen processing
TC: Tumour cell
TCGA: The Cancer Genome Atlas
TCHRBCL: T cell-rich, histiocyte-rich large B cell lymphoma
TCR: T cell receptor
Teff: Effector T cell
TERT: Telomerase reverse transcriptase
TGF: Transforming growth factor
TIGIT: T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and inhibitory motif
TIL: Tumour infiltrating lymphocyte
TIM-3: T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3
TKI: Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
TLR: Toll-like receptor
TLS: Tumour lysis syndrome
TMA: Tissue micro-array
TMB: Tumour mutation burden
TME: Tumour microenvironment
TNF: Tumour necrosis factor
TNFSFR: TNF superfamily receptor
T-NHL: T cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma
TNM: Tumour Node Metastasis
TP: Timepoint
TPS: Tumour proportion score
trAE: Treatment-related adverse event
Treg: T regulatory cell
TTP: Time to progression
T-VEC: Talimogene laherparepvec
UC: Urothelial carcinoma
UPD: Unconfirmed progressive disease
US: United States
UV: Ultraviolet
VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor
VEGFR: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
VISTA: V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation
WCLC: World Conference on Lung Cancer
WES: Whole-exome sequencing
WHO: World Health Organization
