1541MO - Leadership roles in oncology: Gender is still a barrier. Results from the new ESMO Women for Oncology Committee authorship and monitoring studies

Background

Since 2015, the ESMO Women for Oncology (W4O) Committee has conducted international monitoring studies charting the representation of female oncologists in leadership.

Methods

We evaluated representation of women as 1) first and last authors in 5 major oncology journals for 2017-2022, and 3 additional journals since 2020 (Annals of Oncology, ESMO Open, New England Journal of Medicine), 2) invited speakers at conferences and within boards of professional societies in 2020-2022, in comparison with previously published results from 2016-2019.

Results

Monitoring data are reported on 35 oncology congresses with 6551 speakers and 50 societies with 607 board members. Women were less likely to be invited speakers compared to male colleagues in all years (p<0.001). However, an increase was observed in recent years (p<0.001). Female representation was consistently greater at international than at national congresses (p<0.001), with a significant overall region effect observed (p=0.0035). Women were less likely to be board members of oncology societies (p<0.001), however, an increase in female board members in both international (p<0.001) and national societies (p=0.022) was observed over time. Female representation as society presidents increased (10.4% in 2016 vs 34% in 2022, p<0.001). Female oncologists were more likely to be board members if societies had a female president (p<0.001). In the first author analysis (2179 publications per year), 35-41% of first authors were female, with no significant change over 6 years (p=0.66). The representation of women as last author varied between 24-30% since 2017. Female authors were significantly more likely to be first versus last authors (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Although there has been progress towards gender equity in oncology leadership positions, representation of women is still low at congresses, in society boards and as leading authors in publications. Continued monitoring and systemic changes to increase opportunities for female leadership is essential to accurately represent the oncology workforce and encourage a culture of equity, inclusion and diversity.

Clinical trial identification

Editorial acknowledgement

Legal entity responsible for the study

ESMO W4O Committee.

Funding

Has not received any funding.

Disclosure

H. Linardou: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Roche, AstraZeneca, MSD, Merck, Takeda, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lilly, Pfizer, GSK; Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Roche, AstraZeneca, MSD, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Amgen, Novartis; Financial Interests, Personal, Stocks/Shares: BioPath Innovations S.A.; Financial Interests, Personal and Institutional, Local PI: Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, AbbVie, Lilly, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Amgen, PPD, Parexel ILR, Qualitis, Health Data Specialist; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI: GSK; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator: Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group; Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, Elected Chair of the Scientific Committee: Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group; Non-Financial Interests, Member of Board of Directors: Women 4 Oncology - Hellas, Fairlife Lung Cancer Care, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research; Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, Legal Representattive: Women 4 Oncology - Hellas. J. Bajpai: Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Institute financial interest for conducting the research study.: Eli Lilly, Novartis, Roche, Paxman Coolers Ltd,; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Institute financial interest for conducting the research study.(completed study): Samsung Bioepis co. Ltd; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Institutional financial interests for conducted research(completed study): Sun Pharma; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Institute financial interest for conducting research study: MSD; Financial Interests, Institutional, Research Grant, Supporting with drugs for the research study: Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd; Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, Founder General Secretary: Immuno-Oncology Society of India (IOSI); Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, Executive Committee Member: Indian Society of Medical and Paediatric Oncology (ISMPO); Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, Founder Member and Joint Secretory: Teenage and Young Adult Cancer Foundation (TYAcan); Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, Managing Committee Member: Indian cooperative Oncology network (ICON); Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, Women for oncology -core committee member: ESMO; Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, Faculty-investigational immunotherapy: ESMO; Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, Global access and Impact Committee member: SITC. U. Dafni: Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Member of the Tumor Agnostic Evidence Generation working Group: Roche; Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board, Statistical review and assessment of a Clinical Trial: AstraZeneca; Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, Member of the BoD & Manager of this not for profit organization providing statistical expertise and support in Clinical trials, primarily in cancer: Frontier Science Foundation - Hellas. N.M.L. Battisti: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Pfizer, Abbott, Sanofi, Astellas; Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Travel grant: Exact Sciences, Pfizer, Lilly, Novartis; Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Pfizer, AbbVie, Roche, Sanofi, Novartis, Servier, Gilead, AstraZeneca, Lilly; Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, President 2022-2024: International Society of Geriatric Oncology; Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, Chair of the Inequalities Focused Topic Network: European Cancer Organisation; Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, Treasurer: European Cancer Organisation; Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, Executive Committee: European Society of Breast Cancer Specialists. A. Bosch: Financial Interests, Institutional, Writing Engagement, Travel expenses and minor remuneration for attending and reporting for Roche Sweden to the SABCS 2018: Roche; Financial Interests, Institutional, Invited Speaker: Eli Lilly; Financial Interests, Personal, Officer, CEO for SACRA Therapeutics. Pro Bono (I receive no honoraria or stipend for this role): SACRA Therapeutics; Financial Interests, Personal, Ownership Interest, Ownership: SACRA Therapeutics; Non-Financial Interests, Advisory Role, Participation in advisory board meetings: Pfizer, Novartis; Non-Financial Interests, Advisory Role, Participation in Advisory Board Meeting: Gilead. F. Cardoso: Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Consultancy: Amgen, Astellas/Medivation, AstraZeneca, Celgene, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, GE Oncology, Genentech, GSK, Macrogenics, Medscape, Merck-Sharp, Merus BV, Mylan, Mundipharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre-Fabre, Prime Oncology, Roche, Sanofi, Samsung Bioepis, Seagen, Teva; Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Gilead, Iqvia, Touchime; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI: Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers-Squibb, Bayer, Daiichi, Eisai, Fresenius GmbH, Genentech, GSK, Ipsen, Incyte, Nektar Therapeutics, Nerviano, Novartis, Macrogenics, Medigene, MedImmune, Merck, Millenium, Pfizer, Pierre-Fabre, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Sonus, Taiho Oncology, Tesaro, Tigris, Wilex, Wyeth, Gilead; Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, President: ABC Global Alliance and ABC Consensus Conference and Guidelines; Non-Financial Interests, Member: ESMO, ESO, EORTC, BCG, IBCSG, SOLTI, ASCO, AACR, EACR, SIS, ASPIC. E. Felip: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Beigene, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Gilead, GSK, Janssen, Merck Serono, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Peptomyc, Regeneron, Sanofi, Takeda, Turning Point, Pfizer, Genmab; Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Amgen, Daiichi Sankyo, Genentech, Janssen, Medical Trends, Medscape, Merck Serono, PeerVoice, Pfizer, Sanofi, Takeda, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Merck Sharp & Dohme; Financial Interests, Personal, Member of Board of Directors, Independent member: Grifols; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Clinical Trial: AstraZeneca AB, AbbVie, Amgen, Bayer Consumer Care AG, Beigene, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Bristol Myers Squibb International Corporation, Daiichi Sankyo Inc., Exelixis Inc., F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Genentech Inc., GSK Research and Development Limited, Janssen Cilag International NV, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, Merck KGAA, Mirati Therapeutics Inc, Novartis Pharmaceutica SA, Pfizer, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI: Nuvalent; Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, President (2021-2023): SEOM (Sociedad Espanola de Oncologia Medica); Non-Financial Interests, Member, Member of Scientific Committee: ETOP (European Thoracic Oncology Platform); Non-Financial Interests, Member, Member of the Scientiffic Advisory Committee: CAC Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí. K. Fizazi: Financial Interests, Institutional, Advisory Board: Astellas, Bayer, Janssen, AAA, MSD, AstraZeneca, Novartis/AAA, Pfizer, Daiichi Sankyo; Financial Interests, Institutional, Invited Speaker: Astellas, Bayer, Janssen, Sanofi, MSD, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Pfizer; Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Curevac, Orion; Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board, February 2022: Arvinas; Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board, April 2022: Macrogenics; Financial Interests, Institutional, Research Grant, Trial chair: Pfizer, Bayer, AstraZeneca, Orion, MSD, BMS, Janssen; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, Chair of the 7DX phase 3 trial: BMS; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, Chair of the Docetaxel-pembrolizumab phase 3 trial: Merck; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, Chair of the Darolutamide BCR phase 3 trial: Bayer; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, Chair of the PSMAfore phase 3 trial: AAA/Novartis; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, Chair of the CYPIDES ODM-208 Phase I-II trial: Orion; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, Chair of the STESIDES ODM-209 Phase I-II trial: Orion; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, Chair of the CAPITELLO 281 phase 3 trial: AstraZeneca; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, Chair of the TALAPRO-2 and TALAPRO-3 phase 3 trials: Pfizer; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, Chair of the RADIANT phase 3 trial: Bayer; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, Chair of the TRITON-3 phase 3 trial: Clovis. M.C. Garassino: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Eli Lilly, SeaGen International GmbH, Eli Lilly, Incyte, GSK, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Blueprint Medicines, AstraZeneca UK, AstraZeneca and Daiichi Sankyo Oncology Teams, Roche, Daiichi Sankyo, Mirati Therapeutics, Inc, Daiichi Sankyo/AstraZeneca, AstraZeneca Poland, Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., MSD, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Sanofi Genzyme corporation, Sanofi / Prex, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly, Mirati Therapeutics, Inc.; Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: WebMD, WebMD Oncology/Takeda, MSD Italia, Srl, GrupoPacifico-Secretaria Técnica ICAPEM/AstraZeneca, S.O.S S.r.l, Medscape, ecancer, Ideology; Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker, Global Experts Meeting: AstraZeneca; Financial Interests, Personal, Other, AstraZeneca SPAIN: Invitation to a lung cancer investigator meeting: AstraZeneca; Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board, Advisory Boards: Takeda, Daiichi Sankyo, BeiGene; Financial Interests, Personal, Other, PACIFIC-R Global Scientific Committee: AstraZeneca; Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Steering Committee member and Co-chair at the AstraZeneca Lung Cancer Summit 2019: AstraZeneca; Financial Interests, Personal, Other, MK-3475 KN671 Steering Committee.: MSD; Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Pacific 6 International Coordinating Investigator: AstraZeneca; Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Janssen Scientific Advisory Board and Therapeutic Area Steering Committee Meeting on Lung Cancer: Janssen; Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Pfizer Global Lung Cancer Educational Programme - Steering Committee: Pfizer; Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Seattle Genetics Lung Cancer Platform Study: Seattle Genetics; Financial Interests, Personal, Other, GSK Lung Cancer Global Council: GSK; Financial Interests, Personal, Other, PACIFIC-R Scientific Committee: AstraZeneca UK; Financial Interests, Personal, Other, GSK-Garassino- ZEAL Steering Committee 2020-23: GSK; Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board, Advisory Board: AbbVie, Abion, Bayer; Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board, Advisory boards: Merck, Sanofi, Gilead; Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker, Satellite Symposium: Merck; Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker, Invited speaker: Medscape; Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board, Invited speaker: OncoHost; Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board, Advisor: Boehringer Ingelheim; Financial Interests, Personal, Steering Committee Member, Member of the MK-3475 KN671 Steering Committee (KEYNOTE-671): MSD; Financial Interests, Personal, Coordinating PI, Coordinating investigator for the MK-3475 KEYNOTE 189: MSD; Financial Interests, Personal and Institutional, Coordinating PI, Pacific 6 Steering Committee and International Coordinating Investigator: AstraZeneca; Financial Interests, Institutional, Steering Committee Member, Steering Committee ML41118 Roche: Roche; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, TURNING POINT: Bayer; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, A Phase 1: Janssen; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Array 818-202: Pfizer; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, PAPILLON Study: Janssen; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Phase II: Celgene Corporation, Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Merck Serono; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI: Amgen; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Phase 3: Bluprint; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Phase III: Amgen, GSK Research & Develpoment Ltd., Novartis; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Phase III - CEACAM5: Sanofi; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Phase I-JNJ-61186372, a Human Bispecific EGFR and cMet Antibody: Janssen; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Phase 3 Study RESILIENT: IPSEN Bioscience Inc.; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Phase II - SAVANNAH: AstraZeneca S.p.A.; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, phase III NEOCOAST: MedImmune LCC; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Phase II - coast: MedImmune LCC; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Phase III - ADRIATIC: AstraZeneca; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Phase III (CANOPY-1): Novartis; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Phase 1b: Exelixis Inc.; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Phase 3-GO40241: Roche; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Phase III- CASPIAN: AstraZeneca; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, MK3475-091 - PEARLS: Merck; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Phase III - ROCHE GO29431: Roche; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Phase III CA209-017: BMS; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Phase III - ARCTIC: AstraZeneca; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Phase III - AURA 3: AstraZeneca AB; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Phase III CA209-057: BMS; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, OPEL/2014/14/067: Otsuka Pharmaceutical Italy S.r.l.; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Phase II - VISION: Merck KGaA; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Phase III MK-3475-715: Incyte Corporation; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Phase 1/2 (TRIDENT-1): Turning Point Therapeutics, Inc.; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, HERTHENA-Lung01: A Phase 2: Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd.; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Phase II ATLANTIC: AstraZeneca S.p.A.; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Clinical trial: Affimed; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI, Clinical trial poziotinib: spectrum; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, STYLE Trial: Pfizer; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, Studio TYME: Eli Lilly; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, People: MSD; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, FAME trial: Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, POST-ALK: Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, Bando finalizzata Mesotelioma: Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, TERAVOLT: Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, Progetto Timoma: Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, APOLLO: Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, Beverly: Istituto dei Tumori Pascale - Napoli; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, IND227: Istituto dei Tumori Pascale - Napoli; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, RAMES: GOIRC; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, Studio CHANCE: GOIRC; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, Creta trial: Sant'Orsola Malpighi - Bologna (Alma Mater Studiorum Università Bologna); Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, MILES 5: Istituto dei Tumori Pascale - Napoli; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, LIPI: GUSTAVE-ROUSSY PARIGI LIPI TRIAL- no profit; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator: AO Spedali Civili Brescia; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, phase III trial: European Thoracic Oncology Platform (ETOP); Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, Honorary President and Founder: Women for Oncology Italy; Non-Financial Interests, Other, Member of ASCO Scientific Committee (2018-2021): ASCO; Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, Board member: AIOT (Associazione Italiana Oncologia Toracica); Non-Financial Interests, Member: AIOM, AIOT; Non-Financial Interests, Member, WCLC annual congress Lung Cancer Track: WCLC; Non-Financial Interests, Member, Scientific Committee: IPOP (Italian lung cancer charity), TUTOR (Italian thymic malignancies charity); Non-Financial Interests, Member, Member since 2013-2018: EMA Scientific Advisory Group (SAG); Non-Financial Interests, Other, Scientific Programme Committee: AACR; Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, previous ESMO National Societies Committee Chair and ESMO Council Member: ESMO; Other, Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Pfizer; Other, Relationships to Disclose Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Roche, AstraZeneca; Other, travel and accomodation: Merck. D. Mukherji: Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Astellas, AstraZeneca, Janssen, MSD, Merck; Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Pfizer. J. Naidoo: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Merck, AstraZeneca, Roche/Genentech, Bristol Myers-Squibb, Takeda, Pfizer, Amgen, NGM Pharmaceuticals, Kaleido Biosciences, AbbVie, Elevation Oncology, Regeneron; Financial Interests, Personal, Other, independent adjudication of adverse events: Daiichi Sankyo; Financial Interests, Institutional, Research Grant: AstraZeneca, Merck, Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI: Mirati. J.W. Tsang: Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, Founding Convenor of the HKBOG - as part of the Breast International Group (BIG) for enhancement of breast cancer care and research: Hong Kong Breast Oncology Group (HKBOG); Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, Hon. Secretary of the HKCTS - Academic professional society for cancer treatment for Hong Kong: Hong Kong Cancer Therapy Society (HKCTS); Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, Founding Convenor of the HKW4O - for enhancement of Women for Oncology in HK, from career development to research projects and policy change for better W4O development and delivery of cancer care especially for women cancers: Hong Kong Women for Oncology (HKW4O); Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, Co-convenor for the AHCN especially with leadership in family and mental health community of practice: Anglican Health & Community Network (AHCN); Non-Financial Interests, Advisory Role, Executive Committee Member and Medical Advisor for the Hong Kong Cancer Fund: Hong Kong Cancer Fund (HKCF); Non-Financial Interests, Advisory Role, Founding Hon. Advisor for the HKCCCA for enhancement of psychosocial support and spirituality of cancer patients, survivors and families: Hong Kong Christian Cancer Care Association (HKCCCA); Non-Financial Interests, Advisory Role, Steering Committee Members of the Hong Kong Breast Cancer Registry under the HKBCF: Hong Kong Breast Cancer Foundation (HKBCF); Non-Financial Interests, Advisory Role, Hon. Advisor for the Global Chinese Breast Cancer Organizations Alliance: Global Chinese Breast Cancer Organisations Alliance; Non-Financial Interests, Other, Member of the Publication Committee: International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG); Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, Founding Convenor of the Hong Kong Society of Geriatric Oncology (HKSGO) for Enhancement of education, care and research for geriatric oncology in Hong Kong and collaboration with the International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG): Hong Kong Society of Geriatric Oncology (HKSGO). S. Peters: Financial Interests, Institutional, Advisory Board: Vaccibody, Takeda, Seattle Genetics, Sanofi, Roche/Genentech, Regeneron, Phosplatin Therapeutics, PharmaMar, Pfizer, Novartis, Mirati, Merck Serono, MSD, Janssen, Incyte, Illumina, IQVIA, GSK, Gilhead, Genzyme, Foundation Medicine, F-Star, Eli Lilly, Debiopharm, Daiichi Sankyo, Boehringer Ingelheim, Blueprint Medicines, Biocartis, Bio Invent, BeiGene, Bayer, BMS, AstraZeneca, Arcus, Amgen, AbbVie, iTheos, Novocure; Financial Interests, Institutional, Invited Speaker: Takeda, Sanofi, Roche/Genentech, RTP, Pfizer, PRIME, PER, Novartis, Medscape, MSD, Imedex, Illumina, Fishawack, Eli Lilly, Ecancer, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, AstraZeneca, OncologyEducation, RMEI, Mirati; Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Associate Editor Annals of Oncology and Deputy Editor Lung Cancer: Elsevier; Financial Interests, Institutional, Advisory Board, Permanent independent scientific advisor: Hutchmed; Financial Interests, Institutional, Member of Board of Directors, Swiss network of pharmacies: Galenica; Financial Interests, Institutional, Coordinating PI, MERMAID-1: AstraZeneca; Financial Interests, Institutional, Steering Committee Member, MERMAID-2, POSEIDON, MYSTIC: AstraZeneca; Financial Interests, Institutional, Steering Committee Member, Clinical Trial Steering committee CheckMate 743, CheckMate 73L, CheckMate 331 and 451: BMS; Financial Interests, Institutional, Steering Committee Member, RELATIVITY 095: BMS; Financial Interests, Institutional, Steering Committee Member, BGB-A317-A1217-301/AdvanTIG-301: Beigene; Financial Interests, Institutional, Trial Chair, Clinical Trial Chair ZEAL-1: GSK; Financial Interests, Institutional, Steering Committee Member, Clinical Trial steering Committee PEARLS, MK-7684A: MSD; Financial Interests, Institutional, Steering Committee Member, Clinical Trial Steering Committee SAPPHIRE: Mirati; Financial Interests, Institutional, Steering Committee Member, LAGOON: PharmaMar; Financial Interests, Institutional, Steering Committee Member, phase 1/2 trials: Phosplatin Therapeutics; Financial Interests, Institutional, Trial Chair, Clinical Trial Chair Skyscraper-01; chair ALEX; steering committee BFAST; steering committee BEAT-Meso; steering committee ImPower-030, IMforte: Roche/Genentech; Financial Interests, Institutional, Steering Committee Member, Phase 2 Inupadenant with chemo: iTeos; Non-Financial Interests, Officer, ESMO President 2020-2022: ESMO; Non-Financial Interests, Officer, Council Member & Scientific Committee Chair: ETOP/IBCSG Partners; Non-Financial Interests, Officer, Vice-President Lung Group: SAKK; Non-Financial Interests, Other, Involved in Swiss politics: Swiss Political Activities; Non-Financial Interests, Officer, President and Council Member: Ballet Béjart Lausanne Foundation; Non-Financial Interests, Principal Investigator, Involved in academic trials: ETOP / EORTC / SAKK; Non-Financial Interests, Member: Association of Swiss Physicians FMH (CH), ASCO, AACR, IASLC; Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, ESMO President: ESMO; Non-Financial Interests, Member, Vice-President Lung Group: SAKK; Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, Vice -President: SAMO; Non-Financial Interests, Member, Association of Swiss interns and residents: ASMAC/VSAO. C. Sessa: Financial Interests, Personal, Other, ESO Consultant for Gynaecological Cancer: ESO (European School of Oncology); Financial Interests, Personal, Other, DMC member of the MK-3475-C93 studyDMC member of the MK-2870-005 study: Merck; Non-Financial Interests, Advisory Role, ESMO extended member women for oncology: ESMO; Non-Financial Interests, Advisory Role, Member of the compliance committee: ESMO. P. Garrido Lopez: Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Amgen, AstraZeneca, Janssen, MSD, Touch Expert, Medscape; Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: AstraZeneca, GSK, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Roche, Takeda, Daiichi Sankyo, Sanofi, Amgen; Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board, Spouse: Gebro, Janssen, Nordic; Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker, Spouse: Janssen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer, Amgen, Nordic; Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Data monitoring committee for INC280I12201 trial in 2020: Novartis; Financial Interests, Personal, Steering Committee Member, CACZ885V2201C_CANOPY-N trial: Novartis; Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Lung Cancer Medical Education TASC Committee 2021: Janssen; Financial Interests, Institutional, Local PI: Novartis, Janssen, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Blue print, Apollomics, Amgen, Array Biopharma; Financial Interests, Personal, Steering Committee Member, IO102-012/KN-764 trial: IO Biotech; Financial Interests, Personal, Steering Committee Member, JNJ-61186372 (JNJ-372) Clinical Development Program: Janssen; Financial Interests, Institutional, Other, Spouse: Mitsubishi, AbbVie; Financial Interests, Institutional, Other, Spouse, clinical trial team: Janssen, Boehringer Ingelheim; Financial Interests, Personal, Steering Committee Member, JDQ443G12301 trial, Steering Committee member: Novartis; Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, Past Council member as Women for Oncology Committee ChairPast Fellowship and Award Committee and Press CommitteeFaculty for lung and other thoracic tumors: ESMO; Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, President of the Spanish Federation of Medical Societies (FACME) 2020-2022Past President 2023-2024: FACME; Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, Former President of Spanish Medical Oncology Society: SEOM; Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, Member of the Scientific Committee of the Spanish Against Cancer Research Foundation (aecc) and also Board member: AECC; Non-Financial Interests, Leadership Role, IASLC Women in Thoracic Oncology Working Group Member, Educational Committee member, Academy member: IASLC; Non-Financial Interests, Advisory Role, Member of the Spanish National Health Advisory Board: Spanish Minister of Health; Non-Financial Interests, Advisory Role, Assesmment for lung cancer screening evaluation: EUnetHTA; Non-Financial Interests, Advisory Role: Spanish National Evaluation network (RedETS), member of the King Hussein Award’s Board of Directors; Non-Financial Interests, Advisory Role, scientific advisory group member for clinical immunological, oncology and lung cancer areas: EMA; Other, My son is working with the pharma company TEVA as an engineer. I do not have any relationship with TEVA: TEVA. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.