390P - Epidemiological aspects of the development of oral cancer in the Republic of Uzbekistan

Background

The intensive incidence rate of oropharyngeal cancer in Uzbekistan has increased over the past 7 years from 1.4 to 2.0 per 100,000 population in 2022, and the proportion of active detection has increased from 25.9 to 32.9%.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of the causes and prevalence of oropharyngeal cancer in the Republic of Uzbekistan was performed. The object of the study were 582 patients from database of RSSPMC of Oncology and Radiology of Uzbekistan who were treated for the period 2020-2022. The study of risk factors was carried out according to gradations: smoking, use of a local variety of tobacco - nasvay, alcohol consumption, a history of trauma, a resident of an urban area, working in gas contamination conditions and dustiness. There were 471 men (80.9%), women - 101 (19.1%). The mean age was 47.3±1.5.

Results

A study of geographical indicators demonstrated that the most common oropharyngeal cancer caused by the use of nasvay occurred in patients from the eastern and southern regions of the republic - 327 (56.2%). In these patients, the average duration of tobacco use was more than 7 years. In contrast, poor climatic conditions caused the development of oral cancer in 89 (15.3%) patients from the Aral Sea region (northwest). The remaining 166 (28.5%) patients were in the central regions of Uzbekistan. When studying risk factors, the vast majority of patients (411 (70.6%)) used nasvay as a bad habit. At the same time, 174 (42.3%) of 411 patients also had smoking and alcohol consumption. Despite the impact of the dusty climate in the Aral Sea zone, 81 (91.0%) patients had a history of alcohol consumption, 19 (21.3%) - smoking. 218 (37.5%) urban residents developed oral cancer due to bad habits (smoking - 174, alcohol - 147, nasvay - 53).

Conclusions

Thus, the analysis of the epidemiological aspects of the development of oral cancer in Uzbekistan indicates that this disease is quite widespread and tends to grow. The main factor is bad habits, in particular the widespread use of nasvay. Only, in the urban population, the influence of nasvay on the development of cancer becomes less, but due to the prevalence of smoking and alcohol abuse, it requires further study to identify specific ways to manage oral cancer.

Clinical trial identification

Editorial acknowledgement

Legal entity responsible for the study

Tashkent medical academy.

Funding

Has not received any funding.

Disclosure

The author has declared no conflicts of interest.