Please find here a compilation of medical abbreviations used throughout OncologyPRO.
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4
-
4E-BP1
4E-binding protein1
5
-
5-FU
5-fluorouracil
-
5-FUTP
5-fluorouridine triphosphate
-
5-HT
5-hydroxytryptamine
-
5HRE
hypoxia-response element
A
-
Ab
antibody
-
ABCB1
ATP-binding cassette protein B1
-
ABCC2
ATP-binding cassette protein C2
-
ABCG2
ATP-binding cassette protein G2
-
ACE
angiotensin converting enzyme
-
ACT
adaptive cell transfer
-
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
-
ADC
adenocarcinoma
-
ADCC
antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
-
ADL
activities of daily living
-
AEE
activity-induced energy expenditure: the energy spent on physical activity
-
AFP
alpha-fetoprotein
-
Ag
antigen
-
AI
aromatase inhibitor
-
AICR
American Institute for Cancer Research
-
AIHA
autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
-
AIS
adenocarcinoma in situ
-
AITL
angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma
-
ALC
absolute lymphocyte count
-
ALCL
anaplastic large-cell lymphoma
-
ALDH
aldehyde dehydrogenases
-
ALK
anaplastic lymphoma kinase
-
ALT
alanine aminotransferase
-
AML
acute myeloid leukaemia (also, acute myelogenous leukaemia and acute myeloblastic leukaemia)
-
AMPK
adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase
-
ANC
absolute neutrophil count
-
Ang
Angiopoietins
-
AP
alkaline phosphatase
-
Apaf1
apoptotic protease activating factor 1
-
APC
adenomatous polyposis coli
-
APCs
antigen-presenting cells
-
APL
acute promyelocytic leukaemia
-
AQUA
automated quantitative protein expression analysis
-
AR
androgen receptor
-
Ara-C
cytarabine
-
Ara-CDP
Ara-C diphosphate
-
Ara-CMP
Ara-C monophosphate
-
Ara-CTP
Ara-C triphosphate
-
ARF
ADP ribosylation factor
-
Array-CGH
microarray-based comparative genomic hybridisation
-
ASA404
vadimezan
-
ASCT
autologous stem cell transplantation
-
AST
aspartate aminotransferase
-
ATE
arterial thrombotic event
-
ATO
arsenic trioxide
-
ATP
adenosine triphosphate
-
ATR
ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related
-
ATRA
tretinoin (all-trans-retinoic acid)
-
AUC
area under the curve. A representation of total drug exposure. The area-under-the-curve is a function of (1) the length of time the drug is present, and (2) the concentration of the drug in blood plasma.
B
-
BAL
bronchoalveolar lavage
-
BBB
blood-brain barrier
-
BC
breast cancer
-
BCL7A
B-cell CLL/lymphoma 7A
-
Bcr
B-cell receptor
-
BCRP
breast cancer resistance protein
-
BCS
breast conserving surgery
-
BER
base excision repair
-
BFGF
basic fibroblast growth factor 2
-
BH3
Bcl-2 homology 3
-
BHLH
basic helix–loop–helix
-
BIA
bioimpedance analysis
-
Bid
twice daily
-
BL
Burkitt lymphoma
-
BM
bone marrow
-
BMI
body mass index = body weight (kg) /body height (m2)
-
BP
blood pressure
-
BSA
body surface area
-
BSC
best supportive care
-
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
C
-
C.i.
continuous infusion
-
CA4P
combretastatin A4 phosphate
-
CBCL
cutaneous B-cell lymphoma
-
CBP
CREB-binding protein
-
CD
cluster of differentiation
-
Cd-AMP
cladribine monophosphate
-
Cd-ATP
cladribine triphosphate
-
CDC
complement-dependent cytotoxicity
-
CDDP
cisplatin
-
CDKI
cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors
-
CEA
carcinoembryonic antigen
-
CEC
circulating endothelial cell
-
CEP17
chromosome 17 centromere
-
CGH
comparative genomic hybridisation
-
CHF
congestive heart failure
-
CHO
carbohydrates
-
CI
confidence interval
-
CIS
carcinoma in situ
-
CISH
chromogenic in situ hybridisation
-
CK-19
cytokeratin-19
-
CKI
cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors
-
Cl
clearance
-
CLL
chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
-
ClTB
total body clearance
-
Cmax
peak concentration
-
CML
chronic myeloid leukaemia (also, chronic myelogenous leukaemia and chronic myeloblastic leukaemia)
-
CMML
chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia
-
CMV
cytomegalovirus
-
CNS
central nervous system
-
COMT
catechol-omethyltransferase
-
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
-
COX
cyclooxygenase
-
CP
chronic phase
-
CPA
cyclophosphamide
-
CPE
cytopathic effect
-
CPK
creatine phosphokinase
-
CPT
camptothecin
-
CR
complete response
-
CRC
colorectal cancer
-
CREB
cyclic AMP response-element binding protein
-
CSCC
cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
-
CSF
colony-stimulating factor
-
CSF1R
colony stimulating factor 1 receptor
-
Css
average steady state concentration
-
CT
computed tomography
-
CTCAE
Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), developed by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) of the United States of America, is a regularly updated document that provides a standard chart for reporting the severity of adverse events occurring in cancer clinical trials. Despite its widespread use and its utility, the CTCAE has not been validated, and more specific scales may be used for some adverse events.
-
CTCL
cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
-
CTGF
connective-tissue growth factor
-
CUP
cancer of unknown primary
D
-
D-TMP
deoxythymidine monophosphate
-
DAPK
death-associated protein kinase
-
DC
dendritic cell
-
DCE-MRI
dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI
-
DCK
deoxycytidine kinase
-
DEE
diet-induced energy expenditure: the energy spent to digest and absorb nutrients
-
Del
deletion
-
DEXA
dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
-
DFS
disease-free survival
-
DGGE
denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
-
DHAD
mitoxantrone
-
DHFR
dihydrofolate reductase
-
DIC
disseminated intravascular coagulation
-
DISC
death-inducing signaling complex
-
DLBCL
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
-
DLCO
diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide
-
DLT
dose-limiting toxicity
-
DM
diabetes mellitus
-
DMH
differential methylation hybridisation
-
DNMT
DNA methyltransferase
-
DNMTi
DNA methyltransferase inhibitor
-
DNR
daunorubicin
-
DNR-OL
daunorubicinol
-
DOX
doxorubicin
-
DPD
dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase
-
DSB
double-strand break
-
DTC
disseminated tumour cell
-
DUSP1
dual specificity phosphatase 1
-
DUSP4
dual specificity protein phosphatase 4
-
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
-
DXM
dexamethasone
E
-
E1
oestrone
-
E2
estradiol
-
EATL
enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma
-
EBER
Epstein-Barr early RNA
-
EBUS
endobronchial ultrasound
-
EBV
Epstein-Barr virus
-
ECG
electrocardiogram: A medical test of the electrical activity of a patient's heart.
-
ECM
extracellular matrix
-
ECs
endothelial cells
-
EFS
event-free survival
-
EGF
A protein growth factor (6 KDa, 53 amino acids) that binds to the Epidermal growth factor receptor. Binding of EGF activates specific growth pathways in some cancer cells and also some normal cells.
-
EGFR
epidermal growth factor receptor: the protein found on the surface of most epithelial cells and to which Epidermal growth factor binds, causing a signalling cascade within the cells that eventually leads to cell division.
-
EGFRI
Drugs that target and inhibit the EGFR, including monoclonal antibodies and low-molecular-weight Tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
-
EIA
enzymo-immunoassay
-
EMA
The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is a European Union agency, responsible for the scientific evaluation and registration of medicines mainly for use in the European Union.
-
EML4
echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4
-
EN
enteral nutrition
-
EOD-CS
early-onset diarrhoea-cholinergic syndrome
-
EOT
end of treatment
-
EPI
epirubicin
-
EPI-OL
epirubicinol
-
EPO
erythropoietin
-
EpoR
erythropoietin receptor
-
EPP
extrapleural pneumonectomy
-
ER
oestrogen receptor
-
ERCC
excision repair cross complement
-
ERG
ETS-related gene
-
ESPEN
European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism
-
EUS
endoscopic ultrasound
F
-
FAA
flavone acetic acid
-
FAK
focal adhesion kinase
-
FDA
Food and Drug Administration
-
FDG
F-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose
-
FEV1%pred
predicted % forced expiratory volume in 1 minute
-
FFPE
formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded
-
FFS
failure free survival
-
FGF
fibroblastic growth factor
-
FGFR
fibroblast growth factor receptor
-
FH2
dihydrofolic acid
-
FH4
tetrahydrofolic acid
-
FL
follicular lymphoma
-
FN
febrile neutropenia
-
FNA
fine needle aspiration
-
FPE
fixed paraffin embedded
-
FRs
framework regions
-
FSH
follicle stimulating hormone
-
FT
farnesyltransferase
-
FVIII-RA
factor VIII-related antigen
G
-
G-CSF
granulocyte-colony stimulating factor
-
GABA
gamma-aminobutyric acid
-
GEP
gastroenteropancreatic
-
GFAP
glial fibrillary acidic protein
-
GFR
glomerular filtration rate
-
GI
gastrointestinal
-
GI50
growth inhibition of 50% of cells
-
GIST
gastrointestinal stromal tumour: a rare type of sarcoma found most often in the wall of the stomach.
-
GnRH
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
-
GPCRs
G protein-coupled receptors
-
Grb2
growth factor receptor-bound protein 2
-
GRB7
gene encoding growth factor receptor-bound protein 7
-
GRFT
glycinamide ribonucleotide formyl transferase
-
Gy
gray
H
-
H&N
head and neck
-
HAART
highly active antiretroviral therapy
-
HAT
histone acetyltransferase
-
HBV
hepatitis B virus
-
HCG
human chorionic gonadotropin
-
HCP
Healthcare professional.
-
HCV
hepatitis C virus
-
HD
high dose
-
HDAC
histone deacetylase
-
HDACi
HDAC inhibitor
-
HDT
high-dose therapy
-
HFS
hand–foot syndrome
-
HGF
hepatocyte growth factor
-
HIF
hypoxia-inducible factors
-
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
-
HL
Hodgkin lymphoma
-
HLA
human leukocyte antigen
-
HNSCC
head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
-
HP1
heterochromatin protein 1
-
HPF
high-power field
-
HPV
human papilloma virus
-
HR
hazard ratio
-
HRQoL
health-related quality of life
-
HRR
homologous recombination repair
-
HSCT
haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
-
HSR
hypersensitivity reaction
-
HSTL
hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma
-
HU
hydroxyurea
-
HUS
hemolytic–uremic syndrome
I
-
I-CAM
intercellular cell adhesion molecule
-
I.v.
intravenous(ly)
-
IARC
International Agency for Research on Cancer
-
IC50
concentration at which growth/activity is inhibited by 50%
-
IDA
idarubicin
-
IDMS
isotope dilution mass spectroscopy
-
IDOL
idarubicinol
-
IFN
interferon
-
IFN-γ
interferon gamma
-
IFNAR
IFN-α receptor
-
Ig
immunoglobulin
-
IGF
insulin growth factor
-
IGF-1R
insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor
-
IGFBP
insulin-like growth factor-binding protein
-
IGFBP-3
insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3
-
IGFBPs
IGF-binding proteins
-
IHC
immunohistochemistry
-
IL
interleukin
-
ILK
integrin-linked kinase
-
IM
intramuscular
-
IMiD
immunomodulatory drug
-
IMRT
intensity modulated radiotherapy
-
IND
investigational new drug
-
INR
international normalised ratio: a measure of the time it takes for blood to clot.
-
InsR
insulin receptor
-
IP
intraperitoneal
-
IPD
individual patient-based
-
IPI
international prognostic index
-
IPS
International prognostic score
-
IPSS
International Prognostic Scoring System
-
IRS
inflammatory response syndrome
-
ISG
interferon stimulating genes
-
ISH
in situ hybridisation
-
ITMIG
International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group
J
-
JAK
Janus kinase
K
-
KLF6
Kruppel-like factor 6
-
KS
Kaposi’s sarcoma
L
-
LC50
cytotoxic killing of 50% of cells
-
LCNEC
large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
-
LD10
lethal dose to 10% of animals
-
LDCT
low-dose computed tomography
-
LDH
lactose dehydrogenase
-
LFT
liver function test
-
LH
luteinising hormone
-
LINAC
linear accelerator
-
LL
lymphoblastic lymphoma
-
LLN
lower limit of normal
-
LMP 1
latent membrane protein 1
-
LMWH
low molecular weight heparin
-
LN
lymph node
-
LOD
late-onset diarrhoea
-
LOH
loss of heterozygosity
-
LP
lumbar puncture
-
LPL
lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
-
LT
lymphoid tissue
-
LTB4
leukotriene B4
-
LV
leucovorin
-
LVEF
left ventricular ejection fraction
M
-
M-AMSA
amsacrine
-
M-CGH
metaphase comparative genomic hybridisation
-
M-CSF
macrophage colony-stimulating factor
-
MAb
monoclonal antibody
-
MAOI
monoamine oxidase inhibitors
-
MAP
mitogen-activated protein
-
MAPK
mitogen-activated protein kinase
-
MBPs
methyl-CpG binding proteins
-
MCL
mantle cell lymphoma
-
MCM
minichromosome maintenance
-
MCP1
monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
-
MCRC
metastatic colorectal cancer
-
MDP
myeloproliferative disease
-
MDR
multidrug resistance
-
MDS
myelodysplastic syndrome
-
MEK
mitogen-activated protein kinase
-
MEN-1
multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
-
MGUS
monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
-
MHC
major histocompatibility complex
-
MHC class I
major histocompatibility complex I
-
MHC class II
major histocompatibility complex II
-
MITF
microphthalmia-associated transcription factor
-
MIU
million international units
-
MLH1
mutL homolog 1
-
MLPC
mixed lymphocyte-peptide culture
-
MMAE
monomethylauristatin E
-
MMPs
matrix metalloproteinases
-
MMR
mismatch-repair genes
-
MMT
multimodality treatment
-
MORF
MOZ-related factor
-
MOZ
monocytic leukemia zinc-finger protein
-
MPM
malignant pleural mesothelioma
-
MRCC
metastatic renal cell cancer
-
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
-
MRP
multidrug-resistance protein
-
MSI
Microsatellite instability
-
MSP
methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction
-
MTD
maximum tolerated dose
-
MTOR
mammalian target of rapamycin
-
MTX
methotrexate
-
MUGA
multigated acquisition
-
MW
molecular weight
-
MZL
marginal zone lymphoma
N
-
N-CoR
nuclear receptor corepressor
-
NAChR
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
-
NCI
National Cancer Institute
-
ND
not done
-
Neg
negative
-
NER
nucleotide excision repair
-
NET
neuroendocrine tumour
-
NF-κB
nuclear factor κ B
-
NHL
non-Hodgkin lymphoma
-
NK
natural killer
-
NK cell
natural killer cell
-
NLPHL
nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma
-
NOS
nitric oxide synthase
-
NPY
neuropeptide Y
-
NRP-1
neuropilin 1
-
NRT
nicotine replacement therapy
-
NSAID
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
-
NSCLC
non-small-cell lung cancer
-
NSE
neurone-specific enolase
-
NV
normal value
O
-
ONS
oral nutritional supplementation
-
ORR
overall response rate
-
OS
overall survival
P
-
P.o.
per os, orally
-
P/D
pleurectomy/decortication
-
PAHs
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
-
PAI-1
plasminogen activator inhibitor
-
PARP
poly ADP-ribose polymerase
-
PARs
protease-activated receptors
-
PB
peripheral blood
-
PBSC
peripheral blood stem cell
-
PCI
prophylactic cranial irradiation
-
PCR-RFLP
polymerase chain reaction restriction
-
PD
progressive disease
-
PDCD5
programmed cell death 5
-
PDGF
platelet-derived growth factor: a regulator of cell division.
-
PDGFR
platelet-derived growth factor receptor: a form of tyrosine kinase receptor that receives PDGF.
-
PDK1
phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1
-
PDN
prednisolone
-
PEG
pegylated
-
PET
positron emission tomography
-
PFS
progression-free survival
-
PgP
P-glycoprotein
-
PgR
progesterone receptor
-
Ph+
Philadelphia chromosome-positive
-
PIF
interstitial fluid pressure
-
PIP2
phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate
-
PK
pharmacokinetics
-
PKB
protein kinase
-
PLD
pegylated liposomal doxorubicin
-
PlGF
placenta growth factor
-
PLT
platelet
-
PLZF
promyelocytic leukaemia zinc finger
-
PML
promyelocytic leukaemia
-
PN
parenteral nutrition
-
PNET
pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour
-
PORT
postoperative radiotherapy
-
Pos
positive
-
PPE
palmar–plantar erythrodysesthesia
-
PR
partial response
-
PT
prothrombin time
-
PTCL
peripheral T-cell lymphoma
-
PTD
protein transduction domain
-
PTEN
phosphatase and tensin homologue
-
PTH
parathyroid hormone
-
PTPRG
protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor gamma
Q
-
Q-RT-PCR
quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
-
QALY
quality-adjusted life years
-
Qd
once daily
-
QoL
quality of life
-
QPCR
quantitative polymerase chain reaction
-
QTc
Corrected QT interval, a measure of QT interval corrected for heart rate extremes.
R
-
RA-APL
retinoic acid–antiphospholipid syndrome
-
Raptor
regulatory associated protein of mTOR
-
RARs
retinoic acid receptors
-
RARα
retinoic acid receptor alpha
-
RARβ2
retinoic acid receptor beta-2
-
RASSF1A
Ras association domain family member 1A
-
RBC
red blood cell
-
RCC
renal cell carcinoma
-
RCT
randomised controlled trials
-
REE
resting energy expenditure: the energy needed to preserve basic vital functions
-
Rheb
Ras homolog enriched in brain
-
RIA
radioimmunoassay
-
RIC
reduced-intensity conditioning regimen
-
RNAi
RNA interference
-
RNR
ribonucleotide reductase
-
ROC
receiver operating characteristic
-
RPLS
reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome
-
RR
response rate
-
RRM1
ribonucleotide reductase
-
RT
radiotherapy
-
RTK
receptor tyrosine kinase
-
RXR
retinoid X receptor
S
-
S6K
ribosomal S6 kinase
-
SABR
stereotactic ablative radiotherapy
-
SBM
solitary brain metastasis
-
SC
subcutaneous
-
SCCHN
squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
-
SCF
stem-cell factor
-
SCLC
small-cell lung cancer
-
SD
stable disease
-
SELDI-TOF-MS
surface-enhanced laser desorption and ionisation–time of flight mass spectrometry
-
SERMs
selective oestrogen receptor modulators
-
SH2
Src-homology 2
-
SHBG
sex hormone-binding globulin
-
ShRNA
short hairpin RNA; short-interfering hairpin
-
SIADH
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
-
SINEs
short interspersed elements
-
SIRS
systemic inflammatory response syndrome
-
SLAM
signalling lymphocytic activation molecule
-
SLN
sentinel lymph node
-
SMRT
silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid receptors
-
SNP
single nucleotide polymorphism
-
SOCS
suppressor of cytokine signalling
-
SPC
summary of product characteristics
-
SPF
The sun protection factor, also known as the SPF, indicates the factor by which the protection against UVB rays is extended by the use of specific sunscreen products.
-
SPN
solitary pulmonary nodule
-
SPTCL
subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma
-
SQCC
squamous cell carcinoma
-
SR
sleeve resection
-
SSB
single-strand break
-
SST
superior sulcus tumour
-
SUV
standardised uptake volume
T
-
T1/2
half-life
-
TBNA
transbronchial needle biopsy
-
TBP2
thioredoxin-binding protein 2
-
TC
typical carcinoid
-
TCR
T-cell receptor
-
TDL
lowest dose that results in no toxicity
-
TE
thromboembolism
-
TEE
thromboembolic event
-
TF
tube feeding
-
TFAP
transcriptional factor AP-2 α
-
TFPI
tissue factor pathway inhibitor
-
TGF
transforming growth factor
-
TGF-α
transforming growth factor-α
-
TGF-β
transforming growth factor-β
-
TGI
total growth inhibition
-
Tid
three times daily
-
TIL
tumour infiltrating lymphocytes
-
TIMP
tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases
-
TKI
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
-
Tmax
time to peak concentration
-
TMS1
target of methylation-induced silencing
-
TNBC
triple negative breast cancer
-
TNF
tumour necrosis factor
-
TNF-α
tumour necrosis factor-α
-
TNM
tumour, lymph nodes, distant metastases classification
-
TOP1ccs
topo-I cleavable complex
-
Topo
topoisomerase
-
TPC
tunnelled pleural catheter
-
TPN
total parental nutrition
-
TRAIL
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
-
TS
thymidylate synthase
-
TSC
tuberous sclerosis
-
TSH
thyroid stimulating hormone
-
TTF1
thyroid transcription factor 1
-
TTP
time to progression
U
-
UFT
tegafur-uracil
-
UGT1A1
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1
-
ULN
upper limit of normal
-
UPA
urokinase-type plasminogen activator
-
UPGT
uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase
-
UPS
ubiquitin proteasome pathway
V
-
VATS
video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery
-
VCAM
vascular cell adhesion molecule
-
VCAM-1
vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
-
VCR
vincristine
-
Vd
volume of distribution
-
VDT
volume doubling time
-
VEGF
vascular endothelial growth factor
-
VEGFR
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor: They are a target for some cancer drugs.
-
VHL
Von Hippel-Lindau
-
VLP assay
virus-like particle assay
-
VM26
teniposide
-
Vmax
maximum disappearance rate
-
VOD
veno-occlusive disease
-
VP16
etoposide
-
VTA
vascular-targeting agent
-
VTE
venous thromboembolic event
W
-
WBC
white blood cell
-
WBRT
whole brain radiotherapy
-
WCRF
World Cancer Research Fund
X
-
XAF1
XIAP-interacting protein 1
-
XL184
cabozantinib
-
XRCC1
X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1
Y
-
YACs
yeast artificial chromosomes