3370 - Influence of cow’s milk on the absorption and exposure of erlotinib in NSCLC patients

Background

Erlotinib is an oral EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in NSCLC. Drug absorption depends largely on its solubility in the stomach and gastrointestinal tract. Potentially, erlotinib -as lipophilic drug- is ought to dissolve better in a fatty drink such as full cow’s milk compared to water. Gastric acid reducing agents like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) decrease the solubility and thus the uptake of erlotinib. Hence, we hypothesized that administration of cow’s milk may be a feasible way to increase erlotinib uptake (both with or without PPI co-administration). We performed a two-period randomized cross-over study to investigate the influence of full cow’s milk compared to water on the exposure of erlotinib with and without the PPI esomeprazole in NSCLC patients.

Methods

During 24 hours, pharmacokinetic sampling (PK) was performed at days 7 and 14. In the 7 days prior to PK, erlotinib was taken daily with either 250 mL water or full cow’s milk. Patients were assigned whether to receive erlotinib with (arm A) or without esomeprazole (40mg qd; arm B) 3 hours prior to erlotinib intake starting 3 days prior to PK. Primary endpoint was change in geometric mean for the area under the curve (AUC_0-24h). A linear mixed model was used to analyze AUCs and maximal concentration (C_max).

Results

Twelve of the 20 patients used erlotinib without a PPI. Erlotinib AUC_0-24h decreased non-significantly with 5% (95%CI: -14 to + 5%; P = 0.3) when administered with milk compared to water in the non-PPI patients. Also in the 8 patients who did use esomeprazole, erlotinib AUC_0-24h did not differ between intake with water or milk (95%CI: -29 to + 40%; P = 1.0). C_max did not differ in non-PPI users (P = 0.6) and in PPI users (P = 0.9). However, esomeprazole decreased erlotinib AUC_0-24h with 48% (95%CI: -61 to -31%; P < 0.001) and C_max with 55% (95%CI: -66 to -42%; P < 0.001) in 7 patients who completed both arms. No differences in toxicities were observed.

Conclusions

Exposure to erlotinib did not change by erlotinib intake with milk compared to water in both the PPI and non-PPI patients. Therefore, the combination with milk instead of water is safe and well tolerated. Esomeprazole strongly decreased both erlotinib AUC_0-24h and C_max, and should be avoided if possible.

Clinical trial identification

NTR 6148.

Editorial acknowledgement

Legal entity responsible for the study

Ron H.J. Mathijssen.

Funding

Roche.

Disclosure

R.H. Mathijssen: Research grant / Funding (institution): Roche; Research grant / Funding (institution), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Astellas; Research grant / Funding (institution): Boehringer; Research grant / Funding (institution): Cristal Therapeutics; Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Novartis; Research grant / Funding (institution): Pamgene; Research grant / Funding (institution), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Pfizer; Research grant / Funding (institution): Sanofi; Honoraria (self): Servier; Research grant / Funding (institution): Bayer. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.