Abstract 238P
Background
To analyze the development, benefits, trials, and price of new breast cancer drugs with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval.
Methods
We identified 26 drugs with 42 FDA-approved indications for breast cancer (2000-2023). Data were collected from FDA labels, clinicaltrials.gov, and Medicare and Medicaid. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) hazard ratios (HRs) and tumor response’s relative risk (RR) alongside objective response rate (ORR) were meta-analyzed.
Results
The median development time for breast cancer drugs was 7.8 years (95%CI: 6.2-10.8). 26% of treatments were considered innovative (“first-in-indication”) with 88% acting via a targeted mechanism. 64% were small molecules, 19% antibodies, and 18% antibody-drug conjugates. 38% were approved for HR+ and 31% for HER2+ breast cancer. Indications utilized FDA’s special programs: orphan (2%), fast track (24%), accelerated approval (19%), priority review (74%), breakthrough therapy (44%). Approval was predominantly supported by phase III trials (88%) of randomized-controlled design (66%), enrolling a median of 585 patients (IQR 417-752) at 181 centers (IQR 142-223) across 19 countries (IQR 17-20). New drugs’ HR were 0.78 for OS (95%CI: 0.74-0.82) and 0.59 for PFS (95%CI: 0.54-0.64) with a RR for tumor response of 1.61 (95%CI: 1.46-1.76). Median improvements of OS were 2.8 months (IQR, 1.8-5.8) and PFS were 4.4 months (IQR 2.2-7.1). In single-arm trials, ORR was 31% (95%CI 10-53). In meta-regressions, the correlation between OS/PFS was 0.34 (p=0.031) and OS/response was 0.01 (p=0.435). 60% of treatments had a ‘high-value’ ESMO-MCBS score with 14% demonstrating improvements in quality of life. The median price was $16, 013 per month (95%CI 13, 097-17, 617). There was no association between prices and patient benefit. The median value per life year gained was $62, 419 (IQR 25, 840-86, 062).
Conclusions
Over the past two decades, the development of innovative drugs transformed the treatment of breast cancer patients. Trialists, regulators, and pharmaceutical companies must safeguard that new drugs demonstrate improvements in patient-centered clinical endpoints: overall survival and quality of life.
Legal entity responsible for the study
The authors.
Funding
Has not received any funding.
Disclosure
Genomic landscape of metastatic ER+/HER2- breast cancer (BC) with loss of estrogen (ER) and/or progesterone (PR) receptor. R. Würstlein: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board: Agendia, Amgen, Apogheva, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Exact Sciences, Gilead, Lilly, MSD, Nanostring, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Riemser, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Seagen, Stemline, Clinsol, Paxman, Sidekick, Teva, Veracyte, Viatris; Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Aristo, Clovis Oncology, Eisai, Hexal, Palleos, PINK, FOMF, Aurikamed, Pomme Med, Medconcept, MCI, Esteve, Wiley, iMEDInstitute, MediSeminar, Medicultus; Financial Interests, Personal, Expert Testimony: Onkowissen; Financial Interests, Institutional, Funding: Lilly; Financial Interests, Institutional, Research Grant: Pfizer; Financial Interests, Institutional, Invited Speaker: WSG, PINK, BKFZ; Non-Financial Interests, , Advisory Role: PINK, Brustkrebs Deutschland e.V., Junge Erwachsene Mit Krebs, AGO Kommission Mamma, AGSMO, DKG, TZM, CCC München, Mammamia. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.